第四步 开始编程

我们先创建一个窗口，并定义标题，选好图标

from tkdev4 import DevWindow, Icon_TkinterDev


class Application(DevWindow):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
      
        self.title("笔记本")
        self.iconbitmap(Icon_TkinterDev)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    Root = Application()
    Root.mainloop()

然后创建文本框。

from tkdev4 import DevWindow, Icon_TkinterDev
from tkinter import Text


class Application(DevWindow):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
        self.title("笔记本")
        self.iconbitmap(Icon_TkinterDev)
        
        self.editor = Text(self, border=0)
        self.editor.pack(fill="both", expand="yes")


if __name__ == '__main__':
    Root = Application()
    Root.mainloop()

这样，一个最最精简的编辑器就做好了（可能还算不上），接下来就来制作菜单。我们需要文件菜单、编辑菜单。我们先做好文件菜单， 文件菜单有4个选项，新建、打开、保存、退出。

from tkdev4 import DevWindow, Icon_TkinterDev
from tkinter import Text, Menu


class Application(DevWindow):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
        self.title("笔记本")
        self.iconbitmap(Icon_TkinterDev)

        self.menubar = Menu(self, tearoff=False)
        self.menufile = Menu(self.menubar, tearoff=False)
        self.menufile.add_command(label="新建")
        self.menufile.add_command(label="打开")
        self.menufile.add_command(label="保存")
        self.menufile.add_separator()
        self.menufile.add_command(label="退出")
        self.menubar.add_cascade(label="文件", menu=self.menufile)
        self.configure(menu=self.menubar)

        self.editor = Text(self, border=0)
        self.editor.pack(fill="both", expand="yes")


if __name__ == '__main__':
    Root = Application()
    Root.mainloop()

现在要设置每个选项的命令command。新建就是去除所有的文本。打开就是调用filedialog打开文件，之后读取到文本框上。 保存是调用filedialog选择保存地址和文件，然后写到文件上。

from tkdev4 import DevWindow, Icon_TkinterDev
from tkinter import Text, Menu, END
from tkinter.filedialog import askopenfilename, asksaveasfilename


class Application(DevWindow):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
        self.title("笔记本")
        self.iconbitmap(Icon_TkinterDev)

        self.menubar = Menu(self, tearoff=False)
        
        self.menufile = Menu(self.menubar, tearoff=False)
        self.menufile.add_command(label="新建", command=self.new)
        self.menufile.add_command(label="打开", command=self.open)
        self.menufile.add_command(label="保存", command=self.save)
        self.menufile.add_separator()
        self.menufile.add_command(label="退出")
        
        self.menubar.add_cascade(label="文件", menu=self.menufile)
        self.configure(menu=self.menubar)

        self.editor = Text(self, border=0)
        self.editor.pack(fill="both", expand="yes", padx=5, pady=5, ipadx=5 ,ipady=5)

    def new(self):
        self.editor.delete("1.0", END)

    def open(self):
        self.new()
        file = askopenfilename(defaultextension=".txt", filetypes=[("文本文件", ".txt"), ("Python文件", ".py"), ("所有文件", "*")])
        if file:
            text = open(file, "r+", encoding="gbk")
            edit = text.read()
            self.editor.insert(END, edit)
            text.close()

    def save(self):
        file = asksaveasfilename(defaultextension=".txt", filetypes=[("文本文件", ".txt"), ("Python文件", ".py"), ("所有文件", "*")])
        if file:
            text = open(file, "w+", encoding="gbk")
            text.write(self.editor.get("1.0", END))
            text.close()


if __name__ == '__main__':
    Root = Application()
    Root.mainloop()

之后我们再来制作编辑菜单，有撤销、重做

from tkdev4 import DevWindow, Icon_TkinterDev
from tkinter import Text, Menu, END, TclError
from tkinter.filedialog import askopenfilename, asksaveasfilename


class Application(DevWindow):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
        self.title("笔记本")
        self.iconbitmap(Icon_TkinterDev)

        self.menubar = Menu(self, tearoff=False)

        self.menufile = Menu(self.menubar, tearoff=False)
        self.menufile.add_command(label="新建", command=self.new)
        self.menufile.add_command(label="打开", command=self.open)
        self.menufile.add_command(label="保存", command=self.save)
        self.menufile.add_separator()
        self.menufile.add_command(label="退出")

        self.menuedit = Menu(self.menubar, tearoff=False)
        self.menuedit.add_command(label="撤销", command=self.undo)
        self.menuedit.add_command(label="重做", command=self.redo)

        self.menubar.add_cascade(label="文件", menu=self.menufile)
        self.menubar.add_cascade(label="编辑", menu=self.menuedit)
        self.configure(menu=self.menubar)

        self.editor = Text(self, border=0, undo=True)
        self.editor.pack(fill="both", expand="yes", padx=5, pady=5, ipadx=5 ,ipady=5)

        self.bind("<Control-z>", lambda event: self.undo())
        self.bind("<Control-Z>", lambda event: self.undo())
        self.bind("<Control-Shift-z>", lambda event: self.redo())
        self.bind("<Control-Shift-Z>", lambda event: self.redo())

    def new(self):
        self.editor.delete("1.0", END)

    def open(self):
        self.new()
        file = askopenfilename(defaultextension=".txt", filetypes=[("文本文件", ".txt"), ("Python文件", ".py"), ("所有文件", "*")])
        if file:
            text = open(file, "r+", encoding="gbk")
            edit = text.read()
            self.editor.insert(END, edit)
            text.close()

    def save(self):
        file = asksaveasfilename(defaultextension=".txt", filetypes=[("文本文件", ".txt"), ("Python文件", ".py"), ("所有文件", "*")])
        if file:
            text = open(file, "w+", encoding="gbk")
            text.write(self.editor.get("1.0", END))
            text.close()

    def undo(self):
        try:
            self.editor.edit_undo()
        except TclError:
            pass

    def redo(self):
        try:
            self.editor.edit_redo()
        except TclError:
            pass


if __name__ == '__main__':
    Root = Application()
    Root.mainloop()

这样一个基本的编辑器就诞生了。

扩展

我们有了一个可以保存、打开文件的笔记本，但是我们可以加个状态栏，显示信息。

from tkdev4 import DevWindow, Icon_TkinterDev, DevStatusBar
from tkinter import Text, Menu, END, TclError
from tkinter.filedialog import askopenfilename, asksaveasfilename


class Application(DevWindow):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
        self.title("笔记本")
        self.iconbitmap(Icon_TkinterDev)

        self.Statusbar = DevStatusBar(self, default_text="行:0 列:0", sizegrip=False, background="#f5f5f5")
        self.statusbar(self.Statusbar)

        self.menubar = Menu(self, tearoff=False)

        self.menufile = Menu(self.menubar, tearoff=False)
        self.menufile.add_command(label="新建", command=self.new)
        self.menufile.add_command(label="打开", command=self.open)
        self.menufile.add_command(label="保存", command=self.save)
        self.menufile.add_separator()
        self.menufile.add_command(label="退出")

        self.menuedit = Menu(self.menubar, tearoff=False)
        self.menuedit.add_command(label="撤销", command=self.undo)
        self.menuedit.add_command(label="重做", command=self.redo)

        self.menubar.add_cascade(label="文件", menu=self.menufile)
        self.menubar.add_cascade(label="编辑", menu=self.menuedit)
        self.configure(menu=self.menubar)

        self.editor = Text(self, border=0, undo=True)
        self.editor.pack(fill="both", expand="yes", padx=5, pady=5, ipadx=5 ,ipady=5)

        self.bind("<Control-z>", lambda event: self.undo())
        self.bind("<Control-Z>", lambda event: self.undo())
        self.bind("<Control-Shift-z>", lambda event: self.redo())
        self.bind("<Control-Shift-Z>", lambda event: self.redo())
        self.bind("<KeyPress>", lambda event: self.uptext(event))
        self.bind("<Button>", lambda event: self.uptext(event))

    def uptext(self, event):
        num = self.editor.index("insert")
        if event.keycode == 13:  # 按下回车行加1
            num = float(num) + 1
        self.Statusbar.status.configure(text="行:{} 列:{}".format(*str(num).split('.')))

    def new(self):
        self.editor.delete("1.0", END)

    def open(self):
        self.new()
        file = askopenfilename(defaultextension=".txt", filetypes=[("文本文件", ".txt"), ("Python文件", ".py"), ("所有文件", "*")])
        if file:
            text = open(file, "r+", encoding="gbk")
            edit = text.read()
            self.editor.insert(END, edit)
            text.close()

    def save(self):
        file = asksaveasfilename(defaultextension=".txt", filetypes=[("文本文件", ".txt"), ("Python文件", ".py"), ("所有文件", "*")])
        if file:
            text = open(file, "w+", encoding="gbk")
            text.write(self.editor.get("1.0", END))
            text.close()

    def undo(self):
        try:
            self.editor.edit_undo()
        except TclError:
            pass

    def redo(self):
        try:
            self.editor.edit_redo()
        except TclError:
            pass


if __name__ == '__main__':
    Root = Application()
    Root.mainloop()